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Koi variety comparison table

By the koi.wiki editorial team · Updated

Varieties compared, from each variety entry's sourced infobox
VarietyJapanese nameZNA classJAS categoryGround colorPattern colorsScale type
Kohaku紅白[8]Class 1: Kohaku (includes Doitsu Kohaku)[4]No. 2001 Kohaku[3]White (shiroji)[3][9]Red/scarlet (hi)[3]Standard; Doitsu and Ginrin forms recognized[4]
Taisho Sanshoku (Sanke)大正三色[10]Taisho Sanshoku (with Doitsu Sanke); ginrin forms fall under Kinginrin 1[4]No. 2002, taisho-sanshoku[3]White (shiroji)[3][10]Red (hi) and black (sumi)[3]Standard-scaled; doitsu and ginrin forms also recognized[4][3]
Showa Sanshoku昭和三色[11]Showa Sanshoku (class 3), including Doitsu Showa[4]JAS No. 2003 Showa-sanshoku[3]Black (sumi base)[3][12]Red (hi) and white (shiroji) over black[3]Standard, with recognized Doitsu and Ginrin forms[4]
Utsurimono写りもの (Utsurimono)[13]Utsurimono (class 3); metallic forms in Hikari Utsurimono (class 13)[4]Shiroutsuri No. 2004; Hiutsuri/Kiutsuri No. 2021[3]Black (sumi)[13][3]White, red/orange, or yellow[14]Scaled, Doitsu and Ginrin forms exist[4][15]
Shiro Utsuri白写り[13]Utsurimono (class 3)[4]Shiroutsuri, JAS No. 2004[3]Black (kuro-ji)[3]White (no red/hi)[14][13]Standard, with doitsu and ginrin forms known[16][17]
Hi Utsuri緋写り[13]Utsurimono (class 3), with ginrin forms in Kinginrin 1 and metallic forms in Hikari-Utsurimono[4]2021 Hiutsuri and Kiutsuri (緋写り・黄写り)[3]Black (kuroji)[3]Red/scarlet (hi) markings over black utsurizumi[18][3]Standard; Doitsu and Ginrin forms also exist[4][19]
Ki Utsuri黄写り[14]Utsurimono (non-metallic); Hikari-Utsurimono (metallic, Kin Ki Utsuri)[4][20]No. 2021, Hiutsuri and Kiutsuri[3]Black (kuro-ji)[3][18]Yellow imprints (utsuri-zumi)[3][18]Standard-scaled and Doitsu forms recognized[4]
Bekko鼈甲 (べっ甲)[13]Bekko (class 6): Shiro Bekko, Aka Bekko, Ki Bekko, Doitsu Bekko[4]Bekko (べっ甲), JAS 0020 No.2020[3]White, red (orange) or yellow[21][3]Black sumi spots[21]Normal scaled; also Doitsu and Ginrin forms[22][23]
Asagi浅黄[24]Class 7: Asagi, Ki Asagi, Hi Asagi, Asagi Sanke[4]No. 2019 Asagi[3]Blue or indigo, asagi-ground with net pattern[25][3]Red (hi) on belly, cheeks and fins; white head[26]Reticulated (net-pattern) scales; ginrin forms exist[25][23]
Shusui秋翠[27]Shusui (class 8), including Hi Shusui, Hana Shusui, Ki Shusui[4]JAS No. 2017/2018 Shusui — Asagi with doitsugoi appearance characteristics[28][3]Pale sky-blue/gray above the lateral line[27]Red or orange, rarely bright yellow, below the lateral line and on cheeks[27]Doitsu — single row of large mirror scales along the dorsal ridge[27][29]
Koromo衣[3]Class 9: Koromo[4]No. 2013 Koromo[30]White (shiroji)[30]Red (hi) with indigo or black scale-tip edging[3]Scaled, Doitsu, and Ginrin forms recorded[22][23]
Ai Goromo藍衣[24]Koromo (class 9)[4]Koromo (衣), No. 2014[3]White (shiroji), with red (hi) patches[30]Red with indigo/blue half-moon scale edges[3][7]Standard; ginrin and doitsu forms also exist[23][22]
Goshiki五色[31]Class 11, Goshiki (includes Goshiki Sanke, Goshiki Showa, Goshiki Shusui)[4]JAS No. 2005, Goshiki[3]Indigo or light blue (asagidi reticulation), except the head[3]Scarlet (hi), with some indigo/light blue or black imprints[3][32]Scaled; doitsu forms also exist (e.g., Goshiki Shusui)[7]
Kinginrin (Ginrin)金銀鱗[33]Kinginrin 1 (Gosanke/Utsuri ginrin) and Kinginrin 2 (all other ginrin)[4][34]A-ginrin (No. 2006) and B-ginrin (No. 2007)[3]Varies by base variety; white, red, or black skin with shining gold or silver scales[3]Depends on underlying variety (e.g. hi, sumi, shiroji)[35]Ginrin (sparkling/glittering), in styles such as kado-gin, beta-gin, tama-gin, diamond ginrin[36][37]
Tancho丹頂[38]Class 17, Tancho (all varieties with a Tancho mark)[4][39]丹頂 (Tancho): circular hi imprint on the head[3]White, black or other ground depending on base variety[38]Single round hi (red) spot on the head only[40][38]Standard, Ginrin and Doitsu forms exist[38]
Hikari-mujimono光無地もの / 光り無地[3]Class 16, Hikari Mujimono[4][39]JAS No. 2017, hikari-muji: no imprints, whole body shines[3]Single metallic color over whole body[41]None (single color only); Yamabuki, Platinum, Orenji, Nezu, etc.[42][41]Scaled, doitsu, and ginrin forms recorded[41][23]
Yamabuki Ogon山吹黄金[43]16. Hikari Mujimono[4]Hikari-muji (光り無地)[3]None — whole body is the pattern color[41]Bright reddish yellow (yamabuki-color), metallic[41]Standard scaled; doitsu and ginrin forms also occur[41][23]
Platinum Ogonプラチナ黄金[3]16. Hikari Mujimono (ginrin form under Kinginrin 2)[4]光り無地 (hikari-muji, no. 2017)[3]Metallic white/light gray, whole body[41]None (solid single color)[41]Standard, doitsu and ginrin forms recorded[41][23]
Kin Matsuba and Gin Matsuba金松葉 (Kin Matsuba) / 銀松葉 (Gin Matsuba)[41]Class 16, Hikari Mujimono[39][4]Hikari-muji (光り無地), No. 2017[3]Metallic gold (Kin) or metallic silvery white (Gin)[41][7]Black matsuba (pine-cone) scale markings[7]Standard scaled; doitsu and ginrin forms exist[41][23]
Ghost koi人面魚 (じんめんぎょ)[44]Not listed as a named ZNA variety[4]Not listed in JAS 0020 variety vocabulary[3]Metallic, derived from Ogon parentage[44]Variable, hybrid coloration[45]Metallic scales[44]
Hikari-moyomono光り模様[3]Class 12: Hikari Moyomono[4]JAS No.2013 光り模様 (hikari-moyo)[3][46]Non-black skin, varies by sub-variety (e.g. white, platinum)[3][7]Hi, gold, silver, orange, yellow, black (Matsuba) depending on sub-variety[7][47]Normal-scaled and Doitsu forms both occur[46]
Hariwake張分け[7]Hikari Moyomono[48][4]Hikari-moyo (光り模様)[3][46]Platinum / silver[7]Metallic orange, gold, or yellow[7]Scaled or Doitsu (scaleless)[48][46]
Kujaku孔雀 (Kujaku)[47]Hikari Moyomono[48][4]JAS No. 2009, Kujaku[3]Asagi (light blue-gray net pattern)[3][43]Scarlet/red (hi) imprints on the back[3][47]Metallic with net (asagi) scale pattern; Doitsu form exists[47][7]
Yamato Nishiki大和錦[7]Hikari Moyomono[4][48]Hikari-moyo (光り模様)[46][3]Metallic (non-black ground)[3]Red, white and black, as in Taisho Sanshoku[46]Scaled; Doitsu (scaleless) form also exists, called Heisei Nishiki[49][46]
Kikusui菊水[3]Hikari Moyomono[4][48]光り模様 (hikari-moyo)[3][46]White/platinum body with exposed skin[46]Red (hi), Kohaku-type pattern[46][7]Doitsu (almost no scales, exposed skin)[46][3]
Kikokuryu and Beni Kikokuryu輝黒竜 (Kikokuryu); 紅輝黒竜 (Beni Kikokuryu)[50]Kawarimono in ZNA's general classification, but Hikarimono at the 59th ZNA International Koi Show[4][39]Hikari-kawarigoi (光り変わり鯉), reference example Beni-kikokuryu[50]Metallic platinum/gunmetal gray or silver[51][52]Sumi (black); Beni Kikokuryu adds scarlet imprints; Kin Kikokuryu adds golden imprints[2]Doitsu (near-scaleless), inherited from Kumonryu[53][52]
Hikari-utsurimono光り写り (hikari-utsuri)[3]Class 13: Hikari Utsurimono[4]光り写り (hikari-utsuri), No. 2016[3][54]Black (sumi) base[3][54]White, scarlet (hi), or gold/yellow imprints depending on sub-type[54]Scaled and doitsu forms both occur[20][54]
Kawarimono変わり鯉[13]Class 10, Kawarimono[4][39]No. 2008/2010, kawarigoi — not classified under the other named varieties[2][3]Varies widely; black, white, yellow, or mixed depending on sub-type[55]Varies by sub-type: black, red, yellow, or mesh-like sumi overlays[56][2]Includes doitsu-scaled forms, e.g. Kumonryu and Matsukawabake[56][3]
Mujimono無地[3]Class 15, Mujimono[4]No. 2022, Muji – “has no imprint”[3]Variable: brown, gray, red, yellow, black, white, depending on sub-type[5]None (single color, no imprint)[5][3]Normal, Doitsu, or Ginrin forms recognized[57][22][23]
Chagoi茶鯉[33]Mujimono[57][4]; also listed under Kawarimono in some ZNA material[56]Muji (無地) — no imprint on the body[3][5]Olive-brown to copper or bronze, sometimes subdued orange[33]None (solid single color)[5]Standard, with Doitsu and Ginrin forms also known[22][23]
Soragoi空鯉[7]Mujimono, per current ZNA classification; also listed under Kawarimono on ZNA's Kawarimono page[4][57][56]Muji (無地): no imprint across the body[3][5]Gray-blue[7]None; solid single color[7][57]Standard; Doitsu and Ginrin forms also recognized[57][23]
Ochiba Shigure落葉しぐれ[2]Kawarimono[56][4]Kawarigoi (変わり鯉), entry 2010, named as an example variety[3][50]Light pale yellow / blue-gray[2][7]Earthenware, bronze, copper or brown imprints[2][13]Standard scaled and doitsu forms recorded[22]
Karashigoi—Kawarimono (mono-colored subgroup) per ZNA variety guide; Mujimono per ZNA 2021 show classification[56][4]Muji (無地) — general no-pattern category; no dedicated numbered JAS entry found[3]Mustard yellow[5]None (single-colored, no imprint)[5]Normal; Doitsu and Ginrin forms also recognized[22][23]
Kigoi黄鯉[3]Mujimono (class 15)[4][57]Muji (無地) — no imprints across the body[3]Yellow[57][3]None (solid single color)[3]Normal; also bred as Doitsu and Ginrin forms[22][23]
Benigoi and Aka Muji紅鯉 (Benigoi) / 赤無地 (Aka Muji)[8][7]Mujimono[57][4] (also shown as Kawarimono per secondary source)[8]Muji (無地), no imprint[3]Red[7]None; solid color[3]Standard; doitsu and ginrin forms exist[22][23]
Midorigoi緑鯉[2]Mujimono[4]Not individually listed in available JAS text; related Kawarigoi entry JAS 2010 covers unlisted varieties[3]Yellow[2]None (muji); olive-green or green back/scales[2]Scaled (standard); doitsu form also documented[22]
Kumonryu九紋竜[53]Kawarimono (Karasu-goi family / "Others")[56][4]No. 2011 Kumonryu (named variety)[3]Black, with increasing white area over growth[3]Black (sumi); red in Beni Kumonryu[53][3]Doitsu (near scaleless)[53][3]
Matsukawabake松川化け[2]Kawarimono[4]Kawarigoi (not one of the 20 regulated varieties)[2]White with jet-black pattern[2]Black (sumi), changeable with environment/temperature[2][7]Scaled (covers whole body except head)[2]
Karasugoi family烏鯉[7]Kawarimono (Karasu-goi family)[56], also listed under Mujimono[57][4]Muji (無地)[5][3]Jet black[5]None; occasional white pectoral fin tips or white/orange belly[5][7]Scaled or Doitsu (scaleless) forms occur among related varieties[49]
Kage Utsuri and Kage Showa影 (kage)[7]Kawarimono, within a "Kage Utsuri family"[56][4]Not separately defined; shown as an example of kawarigoi (変わり鯉)[3]Black body ground, per JNPA descriptions of Kage-showa, Kage-shiroutsuri, Kage-hiutsuri and Kage-kiutsuri[2]White, scarlet/red or yellow imprints depending on sub-type, overlaid with a mesh-like black pattern[2]Described in both standard-scaled and metallic (gin/kin) forms[54]
Kanoko鹿の子[7]Kawarimono[56][4]—White (Kanoko Kohaku), or ground of the base variety[2]Dappled red (hi)[7][2]Normal; ginrin and doitsu forms also recorded[2]
Matsuba松葉[7]Mujimono (also described under Kawarimono’s “Matsuba family”)[57][56]Muji, JAS No. 2021[5]Red (Aka), yellow (Ki), or white (Shiro)[5][7]Black matsuba-mon on each scale[7]Standard scaled; Doitsu and Ginrin forms also recognized[56][23]
Doitsugoi (Doitsu koi)ドイツ鯉[22]Grouped within base-pattern classes, e.g., Kohaku, Sanke, Showa, Utsurimono, Bekko, Hikari Moyomono, Mujimono[4]Defined appearance-characteristic term, no. 2012 (JAS 0020:2026) / no. 2011 (JAS 0020:2022)[3][58]Varies by base variety; skin exposed with almost no scales[22]Depends on base variety (e.g., hi and shiroji for Doitsu Kohaku)[49]Leather (near-scaleless), mirror, or armor (Kagami-goi)[27][7]
Butterfly koi鰭長錦鯉 / ヒレナガニシキゴイ[59][24]Not listed as a separate class in the ZNA America document reviewed[4]Not listed among the named varieties in the JAS nishikigoi vocabulary standard excerpts reviewed[3]Varies with the base variety used in the cross[59]Varies; butterfly versions of Kohaku, Sanke, Showa, Utsuri and Ogon patterns exist[59]Can occur with standard or doitsu-type scalation depending on bloodline[60]
Nishikigoi varieties can be described from several angles at once: the base or “ground” color of the skin, the colors forming the pattern, whether the scales are metallic, and the scale type (normal, doitsu/scaleless, or kinginrin/sparkling). Different organizations also group these varieties differently for show and appreciation purposes. The Zen Nippon Airinkai (ZNA) states that there are no fewer than a hundred distinct nishikigoi varieties, but for show and appreciation purposes it divides them into 17 varieties[1]. The All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association (JNPA) instead describes more than 140 varieties with differing colors and patterns, with 20 of these treated as regulated named varieties and everything else grouped under Kawarigoi[2].Japan's JAS 0020 Nishikigoi vocabulary standard, issued by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, gives formal definitions distinguishing ground color (地肌の色) from pattern (斑紋), and lists numbered variety definitions used as reference points across the industry[3]. Show organizations in other countries adapt these frameworks for local use; for example, the American Koi Judges Association (AKJA) lists its own simplified classification used at shows it oversees, which organizers may adapt locally[6]. Similarly, regional ZNA show documents such as the North American ZNA chapter's published classification can differ in detail from the main ZNA list[4].

How to read the table

Classification systems do not always agree. The ZNA's main list organizes 17 show varieties[1], while a 2021 classification used by a ZNA-affiliated North American chapter for its 2026 show lists 18 numbered classes, including a separate male-only class for large koi[4]. The JNPA instead frames many of these groupings around 20 regulated varieties plus a large pool of unregulated “Kawarigoi” and “Muji” types[2][5]. The American Koi Judges Association uses a shorter, show-practical list that can be adapted by organizers[6].

Data notes and sourcing

Ground color and pattern definitions in the table largely follow the JAS 0020 standard, which defines ground color using Japanese Industrial Standard color names and describes pattern (斑紋) as color locally differing from the ground color[3]. For example, JAS defines Kohaku (紅白) as having a white ground color with red or scarlet pattern, Taisho Sanshoku (大正三色) as white ground with red and black pattern, and Showa Sanshoku (昭和三色) as black ground with red and white pattern[3]. Shiro Utsuri is defined as black ground with white pattern, and the standard notes it can be distinguished from Bekko by its black ground color[3]. Goshiki is defined by JAS as having a blue or light-blue reticulated pattern across the back from scale arrangement (called asagi-ground), with red pattern on the back[3].Metallic status in the table reflects the JAS definition of hikari-kawarigoi (光り変わり鯉) as varieties whose whole body shines, distinct from non-metallic pattern varieties[3], and the AKJA glossary's parallel description of hikari as “metallic”[7]. Scale type notes draw on the JAS definition of Doitsugoi (ドイツ鯉) as koi with almost no scales, exposing the skin, originating from a food-carp variety imported from Germany and later crossed with ornamental varieties[3], and on the AKJA glossary's description of kinginrin (金銀鱗) as scales bearing gold or silvery mirror-like deposits[7].

Variety families not in the main table

Beyond the headline varieties, both JNPA and AKJA document a large number of named sub-varieties. JNPA's Kawarigoi page alone lists dozens of named types such as Kanoko-kohaku, Kage-showa, Matsukawa-bake, Ochiba-shigure and Kirin, each with its own pattern description[2]. Its Muji page separately groups single-color varieties with no body pattern, including Karashigoi, Aka-muji, Chagoi, Shiro-muji, Karasugoi and Matsuba types, noting that Karashigoi can exceed one meter in length and perform well at shows[5].The AKJA glossary documents many compound and lineage-specific terms, such as Budo Goromo (a purplish, grape-like pattern over red), Kikokuryu (developed by crossing a Kumonryu with a Kikusui, according to the glossary), and Kage patterns described as a blurred, reticulated black overlay on white or red[7]. These finer distinctions illustrate why aggregate variety counts differ so widely between sources.

Why classifications differ between organizations

The number of recognized varieties or classes depends heavily on the purpose of the list. ZNA's 17-variety list was built for show judging and its Zipangu Prize structure, splitting Groups 1 and 2 and adding extra categories for large male koi[1]. A North American ZNA-affiliated show document for 2026 lists 18 numbered classes, combining varieties such as Kohaku, Taisho Sanshoku and Showa Sanshoku as individual classes while grouping many miscellaneous types under Kawarimono and Mujimono, and states the classification can be altered by individual districts or chapters running local shows[4].By contrast, Japan's JAS 0020 standard is not a show-judging rulebook but a government-recognized vocabulary standard defining variety (品種) as a type of nishikigoi improved and selected for consistent external characteristics, explicitly distinct from a biological species[3]. The JNPA uses this same 20-regulated-variety baseline but frames everything outside it as the broad Kawarigoi and Muji groupings, while estimating the real number of distinguishable color-and-pattern types at over 140[2].

Common questions

How many koi varieties are there?
Counts vary by source: the Zen Nippon Airinkai (ZNA) notes there are no fewer than a hundred nishikigoi varieties but groups them into 17 for show purposes[1], while the All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association (JNPA) states there are more than 140 varieties with differing colors and patterns, of which 20 are formally regulated[2].
What is the difference between Shiro Utsuri and Bekko?
According to the JAS 0020 standard, Shiro Utsuri has a black ground color with white pattern, and can be told apart from Bekko specifically because Bekko does not have a black ground color[3].
What does “ground color” mean in koi classification?
The JAS 0020 standard defines ground color (地肌の色) as the base skin color of the koi, described using Japanese Industrial Standard color names while allowing for individual variation since koi are living animals[3].
What makes a koi variety “metallic”?
JAS 0020 defines hikari-kawarigoi (光り変わり鯉) as varieties whose entire body shines, distinguishing them from non-metallic pattern varieties, and lists Kujaku and Kinginrin-type scale shine as related but separately defined traits[3].

References

  1. ^ Varieties of Nishikigoi | Zen Nippon Airinkai. Zen Nippon Airinkai. zna.jp/en/keep-nishikigoi/varieties-of-nishikigoi/. Retrieved November 2026.
  2. ^ Kawarigoi - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/kawarigoi/. Retrieved November 2026.
  3. ^ JAS 0020 Nishikigoi. Vocabulary (MAFF) — Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan). maff.go.jp/j/jas/jas_standard/attach/pdf/index-536.pdf. Retrieved November 2026.
  4. ^ Koi classification (ZNA 2021), NMZNA 2026 show documents. nmzna.net. nmzna.net/2026%20Show%20Docs/NMZNA%202026%20Koi%20Classification%20…. Retrieved November 2026.
  5. ^ Muji - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/muji/. Retrieved November 2026.
  6. ^ AKJA Classifications – American Koi Judges Association (AKJA). American Koi Judges Association. akjajudges.com/akja_classifications/. Retrieved November 2026.
  7. ^ Glossary – American Koi Judges Association (AKJA). American Koi Judges Association. akjajudges.com/glossary/. Retrieved November 2026.
  8. ^ Kōhaku (fish) (Wikipedia). Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohaku_(fish). Retrieved November 2026.
  9. ^ Kohaku - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/kohaku/. Retrieved November 2026.
  10. ^ Taisho Sanshoku | Zen Nippon Airinkai. Zen Nippon Airinkai. zna.jp/en/keep-nishikigoi/varieties-of-nishikigoi/taisho-sanshoku/. Retrieved November 2026.
  11. ^ Showa (fish) (Wikipedia). Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Showa_(fish). Retrieved November 2026.
  12. ^ Showa-sanshoku - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/showa-sanshoku/. Retrieved November 2026.
  13. ^ Koi (Wikipedia). Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utsurimono. Retrieved November 2026.
  14. ^ UTSURI MONO | Zen Nippon Airinkai. Zen Nippon Airinkai. zna.jp/en/keep-nishikigoi/varieties-of-nishikigoi/utsuri-mono/. Retrieved November 2026.
  15. ^ Utsurimono - Koi For Sale - Kodama Koi Farm. Kodama Koi Farm (koi dealer). kodamakoifarm.com/variety/utsurimono/. Retrieved November 2026.
  16. ^ Doitsu - Koi For Sale - Kodama Koi Farm. Kodama Koi Farm (koi dealer). kodamakoifarm.com/variety/doitsu/. Retrieved November 2026.
  17. ^ Shiro Utsuri - Koi For Sale - Kodama Koi Farm. Kodama Koi Farm (koi dealer). kodamakoifarm.com/variety/shiro-utsuri/. Retrieved November 2026.
  18. ^ Hiutsuri and Kiutsuri - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/hiutsuri-and-kiutsuri/. Retrieved November 2026.
  19. ^ Hi Utsuri - Koi for Sale - Kodama Koi Farm. Kodama Koi Farm (koi dealer). kodamakoifarm.com/variety/hi-utsuri/. Retrieved November 2026.
  20. ^ HIKARI-UTSURIMONO | Zen Nippon Airinkai. Zen Nippon Airinkai. zna.jp/en/keep-nishikigoi/varieties-of-nishikigoi/hikari-utsurimono/. Retrieved November 2026.
  21. ^ Bekko - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/bekko/. Retrieved November 2026.
  22. ^ Doitsugoi - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/doitsugoi/. Retrieved November 2026.
  23. ^ B-ginrin - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/b-ginrin/. Retrieved November 2026.
  24. ^ Koi (Wikipedia). Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koi. Retrieved November 2026.
  25. ^ Asagi - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/asagi/. Retrieved November 2026.
  26. ^ Asagi - Koi For Sale - Kodama Koi Farm. Kodama Koi Farm (koi dealer). kodamakoifarm.com/variety/asagi/. Retrieved November 2026.
  27. ^ Koi (Wikipedia). Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shusui. Retrieved November 2026.
  28. ^ Shusui - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/shusui/. Retrieved November 2026.
  29. ^ Shusui - Koi For Sale - Kodama Koi Farm. Kodama Koi Farm (koi dealer). kodamakoifarm.com/variety/shusui/. Retrieved November 2026.
  30. ^ Koromo - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/koromo/. Retrieved November 2026.
  31. ^ GOSHIKI | Zen Nippon Airinkai. Zen Nippon Airinkai. zna.jp/en/keep-nishikigoi/varieties-of-nishikigoi/goshiki/. Retrieved November 2026.
  32. ^ Goshiki - Variety - All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. All Japan Nishikigoi Promotion Association. jnpa.info/en/nishikigoi/varieties/type/goshiki/. Retrieved November 2026.
  33. ^ Koi (Wikipedia). Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishikigoi. Retrieved November 2026.
  34. ^ KINGINRIN 2 | Zen Nippon Airinkai. Zen Nippon Airinkai. zna.jp/en/keep-nishikigoi/varieties-of-nishikigoi/kinginrin-2/. Retrieved November 2026.
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